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2.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 89(4): 448-453, ago. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-959545

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La alergia alimentaria (AA) es una entidad de elevada y creciente prevalencia, pudiendo ser mediada por IgE o inmunidad celular. Puede presentar amplia sintomatología y ser gatillada por múltiples antígenos alimentarios, lo que varía en diversas zonas geográficas. OBJETIVO: Describir las características clínicas de pacientes chilenos con AA IgE-mediada. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Revisión retrospectiva de pacientes con AA IgE-mediada atendidos en un centro terciario de salud de Santiago, Chile entre los años 2006 y 2016. Se evaluaron características demográficas, manifestaciones clínicas y alimentos gatillantes. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 282 pacientes con diagnóstico de AA IgE-mediada. El 89% debutó con AA antes de los 18 años de edad y de estos, la mayoría antes del año (mediana: 1 año; rango: 1 mes - 55 años). Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron urticaria, angioedema, disnea y vómitos. Un 40% tenía historia compatible con anafilaxia. Los alimentos más frecuentes fueron huevo, leche de vaca, maní, mariscos, nuez, tomate, trigo, palta, pescados y legumbres. Alergia a huevo, leche de vaca y maní fueron más frecuentes en edad pediátrica, mientras que en adultos fueron los mariscos. CONCLUSIONES: Los alimentos causantes de AA IgE-mediada en Chile fueron similares a los descritos en otros países, aunque destaca la elevada frecuencia de alergia a tomate y palta, poco habituales en series internacionales. La incidencia de anafilaxia fue alta, lo que instala la necesidad de contar con autoinyectores de adrenalina a nivel nacional.


BACKGROUND: Food allergy (FA) is an entity of high and growing prevalence, which can be mediated by IgE or cellular immunity. It can have a wide range of symptoms and be triggered by multiple food antigens, which vary in different geographical areas. OBJECTIVES: To describe clinical characteristics of Chilean patients with IgE-mediated FA. Patients and Method: Retrospective review of patients with IgE-mediated FA treated at a tertiary healthcare center in Santiago, Chile, between 2006 and 2016. Demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, and trigger foods were evaluated. RESULTS: A to tal of 282 patients diagnosed with IgE-mediated FA were included. 89% had FA onset before 18 years of age and most of these before one year of age (median of age: one year; range: one month-55 years). The most common clinical manifestations were hives, angioedema, dyspnea, and vomiting. 40% had symptoms compatible with anaphylaxis. The foods most frequently involved were egg, cow's milk, peanut, shellfish, walnut, tomato, wheat, avocado, fish, and legumes. Egg, cow's milk, and peanut allergies were the most frequent at pediatric age, while seafood allergy was the most frequent among adults. CONCLUSION: Foods causing IgE-mediated FA in Chile were similar to those described in other countries, although the frequency of tomato and avocado allergy, which are unusual in international series, stands out. Anaphylaxis incidence was high, emphasizing the need for epinephrine autoinjec tors in Chile.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Immunoglobulin E/immunology , Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Chile/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Food Hypersensitivity/immunology , Food Hypersensitivity/epidemiology
3.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 33(1): 12-18, feb. 2016. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-776954

ABSTRACT

Background: Incidence of Kawasaki disease (KD) in Chile is rising, however the distribution of cases throughout Chile is unknown. Objective: To describe the epidemiology of KD in Chile between years 2001 and 2011, and study the geographic distribution of KD cases throughout the country. Methods: We reviewed national hospital discharge databases for KD cases (ICD10 code M30.3) in children < 18 years. KD admission rates per 100,000 children < 5 years were calculated for every commune, health district and region, as a proxy of KD incidence. Results: 1,404 KD cases were registered with a national KD incidence rate of 8.7. KD incidence rate increased significantly from 5.9 in 2001-2003 to 10.4 in 2009-2011 (p < 0.001). Regions IX (Araucanía), Metropolitan and VI (O'Higgins) had the highest KD incidence (12.4, 11.1 and 10.5 respectively), and regions III (Atacama), II (Antofagasta) and XII (Magallanes), had the lowest incidence (0.8, 3.9 and 4, respectively). The Eastern Metropolitan Health District, the population with the highest socioeconomic status in Chile, had the highest KD incidence rate (19.8) and concentrated 23.9% of the country's hospital discharges for KD. Conclusion: KD incidence in Chile is heterogeneous, with concentration of caseloads in the central regions and especially in the Eastern Metropolitan Health District. Geographic variations of KD in Chile could be associated with real differences in incidence or with disparities in diagnostic opportunity, and access to specialists and tertiary healthcare centers.


Introducción: La incidencia de enfermedad de Kawasaki (EK) en Chile ha aumentado; sin embargo, la distribución detallada de los casos en el país es desconocida. Objetivo: Describir la epidemiología de la EK en Chile entre 2001 y 2011 y estudiar la distribución geográfica de los casos de EK a lo largo del país. Métodos: Se obtuvieron los egresos hospitalarios por EK (ICD10 M30.3) en < 18 años de bases de datos nacionales. Se calcularon las tasas de egreso hospitalario por EK en < 5 años por 100.000 habs. para cada comuna, servicio de salud (SS) y región como estimación de incidencia de EK. Resultados: Se registraron 1.404 egresos por EK. La tasa de incidencia de EK fue de 8,7 con un aumento significativo desde el trienio 2001-2003 al trienio 20092011 desde 5,9 a 10,4 (p < 0,001). Las regiones con mayores egresos por EK fueron: IX (Araucanía), Región Metropolitana y VI (O'Higgins) con tasas de 12,4; 11,1 y 10,5, respectivamente. Las regiones con menores egresos por EK fueron: III (Atacama), II (Antofagasta) y XII (Magallanes) con tasas de 0,8; 3,9 y 4, respectivamente. El SS Metropolitano Oriente registró la tasa más alta de EK del país (19,8) y concentró 23,9% de los egresos por EK del país. Conclusión: La EK en Chile se distribuye heterogéneamente concentrándose principalmente en la zona central y en el SS Metropolitano Oriente. Las variaciones geográficas de EK en Chile podrían estar asociadas a diferencias reales de incidencia o diferencias en oportunidad diagnóstica, acceso a especialistas y a centros terciarios de atención de salud.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Geography, Medical , Incidence , Socioeconomic Factors
4.
Rev. chil. reumatol ; 30(3): 98-118, 2014. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-776847

ABSTRACT

La artritis idiopática juvenil (AIJ) ha sido definida por la Liga Internacional de Asociaciones de Reumatología (ILAR) como artritis de etiología desconocida que se inicia antes de los 16 años y dura por al menos seis semanas, habiendo excluido otras condiciones conocidas. La AIJ es una enfermedad cubierta por el sistema de Garantías Explícitas en Salud (GES) del Ministerio de Salud de Chile desde 2010. La presente guía, desarrollada por el Grupo Pediátrico de la Sociedad Chilena de Reumatología, consiste en una actualización de la Guía Clínica de AIJ 2010, incorporando nuevos protocolos terapéuticos y medicamentos que han demostrado un claro beneficio para niños con AIJ...


Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has been defined by the International League of Associations for Rheumatology as arthritis of unknown etiology that begins before the sixteenth birthday and persists for at least 6 weeks with other known conditions excluded. JIA is a disease that is covered by the Explicit Health Guarantees system of the Chilean Ministry of Health since 2010. The present guideline developed by the Pediatric Group of the Chilean Rheumatology Society is an update of the 2010 JIA Clinical Guideline incorporating new treatment protocols and medications that have demonstrated clear benefits in children with JIA...


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Child, Preschool , Child , Arthritis, Juvenile/diagnosis , Arthritis, Juvenile/therapy , Chile
5.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 61(2): 149-153, jun. 2011. ilus, graf, mapas
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-659123

ABSTRACT

Obesity is associated with a low grade inflammation which contributes to the development of insulin resistance and diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the total saturated (SFAs), monounsaturated (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in plasma from asymptomatic obese subjects and to determine the arachidonic/eicosapentanoic acid ratio [ARA/EPA] as a marker of inflammation, and its eventual association with ultrasensitive CRP. Fourteen obese (34.4 ± 11.1y.; BMI: 36.0 ± 4,5 kg/m2) and 12 normal-weight (30.6 ± 7.8y.; BMI: 23,6± 2,4 kg/m2) subjects were recruited and their plasma fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography. usCRP was higher in the obese subjects (p=0,01) and correlates with their body fat content. The percentages of SFAs, MUFAs, PUFAs were not affected in the obese subjects but their concentrations were increased, compared with the control group. However, no differences in the long chain PUFAs (DHA and EPA) concentrations or in the plasmatic ARA/EPA ratio were observed in these subjects. These observations do not support a relation between the ARA/EPA ratio and the presence of low grade inflammation evaluated by plasma usCRP in this group of asymptomatic obese subjects.


La obesidad está asociada con una inflamación de bajo grado que contribuye al desarrollo de la insulino-resistencia y de la diabetes. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las concentraciones plasmáticas de ácidos grasos saturados (AGS), monoinsaturados (AGMI) y poliinsaturados (AGPI) en sujetos obesos asintomáticos y determinar el ratio ácido araquidónico/ácido eicosapentanoico [ARA/EPA] como un posible marcador de inflamación, con su eventual asociación con los niveles de proteína C reactiva ultrasensible (PCRus). Se reclutaron 14 sujetos obesos (34,4 ± 11.1 años; índice de masa corporal: 36,0 ± 4,5 kg/m2) y 12 normopeso (30,6 ± 7.8 años; índice de masa corporal: 23,6 ± 2,4 kg/m2); las concentraciones plasmáticas de ácidos grasos fueron determinados por cromatografía de gases. Los niveles de PCRus fueron más elevadas en los sujetos obesos (p=0,01) y correlacionaron con el contenido de grasa corporal. Los porcentajes relativos de AGS, AGMI, AGPI no se vieron afectados en los sujetos obesos, pero sus concentraciones plasmáticas se incrementaron en comparación con el grupo control. Sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias en las concentraciones de PUFAs de cadena larga (DHA, EPA y ARA) ni en el ratio ARA/EPA en los sujetos obesos. Estas observaciones no apoyan el uso del ratio ARA/EPA como un marcador de inflamación de bajo grado evaluada por PCRus en este grupo de sujetos obesos asintomáticos.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/blood , /blood , /blood , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/blood , Obesity/blood , Body Mass Index , Biomarkers/blood , Case-Control Studies , Docosahexaenoic Acids/blood , Eicosapentaenoic Acid/blood , Inflammation/blood
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 138(8): 1020-1027, ago. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-567616

ABSTRACT

Intestinal microbiota (IM) plays a role in the development of obesity and its associated low grade inflammation. Bacterial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract of germ free mice (without microbiota) increases by 60 percent their fat mass, alters their fasting glucose and insulin levels, triples their hepatic triglycerides and induces adipocyte hypertrophy. IM favors fat storage in adipocytes through the inhibition of Fiaf (Fasting Induced Adipocyte Factor), an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase. Compared with normal weight subjects, the IM from obese exhibits a higher proportion of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and is more efficient in extracting energy from foodstuffs. The loss of bodyweight by a hypocaloric diet reverts the proportion of bacteria to that of lean subjects. The intake of a high fat diet also alters the IM, affecting intestinal barrier function and favoring endotoxinemia. These events increase oxidative and pro-inflammatory processes in plasma and peripheral tissues and increment the risk of insulin resistance. Such events are reverted by the administration of pre-biotics which stimulate the growth of Bifdobacterium and Lactobacillus species in the colon, reestablishing the gut homeostasis. Interestingly, products resulting from the fermentation of prebiotics stimulate the differentiation of enteroendocrine cells and the release of glucagon like peptide 1 and peptide YY, that have insulin like and anorexigenic activities, thus contributing to body weight equilibrium.


Subject(s)
Humans , Intestines/microbiology , Obesity/microbiology , Prebiotics , Dietary Fats/adverse effects , Insulin Resistance , Intestines/drug effects , Obesity/prevention & control
7.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 60(2): 199-204, jun. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-630318

ABSTRACT

Se desarrolló una formulación optimizada de paté utilizando descartes de pulpa de trucha arcoiris utilizando la metodología Taguchi teniendo en cuenta que sus beneficios sobre la salud lo convierte en una alternativa viable interesante como un producto con características funcionales para ayudar a los consumidores a tener un estilo de vida saludable. El proceso de optimización se llevó a cabo en dos etapas. Primero se ocupó el arreglo ortogonal L(8)2(7) con 7 variables independientes para seleccionar los factores de control que tuvieran un efecto significativo sobre la calidad sensorial (C.S.) quedando finalmente seleccionadas: ají merken, cloruro de sodio, manteca vegetal junto con el arreglo ortogonal L(9)3(4) .Las respuestas de C.S. fueron sometidas a un análisis estadístico de diferencias de magnitud de promedios y análisis de varianza (ANOVA) determinándose que los factores que influyeron significativamente (p2/Kg. grasa respectivamente, ambos inferiores a los máximos permitidos por la reglamentación chilena. Con respecto a la aceptabilidad del producto fue de 91% y el 87% de los encuestados estaría dispuesto a comprarlo.


An optimized formulation of pate was developed using rainbow trout discard with the employment of Taguchi methodology, taking into account that the health-promoting benefits of this resource makes it a viable alternative as a functional foods to help consumers to get a healthy lifestyle. The optimization process utilizing Taguchi methodology was carried out in two phases. First, an orthogonal array L(8)2(7) with seven independent variables was chosen to select the control factors with a significant effect on the sensory quality (SQ). As a result, the following independent variables were selected: merkén pepper, sodium chloride, vegetal lard and margarine. In the second stage the L(9)3(4) orthogonal array was used. Data were analysed using differences between average values of factors according working levels, and also ANOVA, summing up that merken pepper, sodium chloride and margarine showed a significant effect (p>0.05) on the SQ. Best combination turned to be: merkén 0.7%, sodium chloride 1.3%, vegetal lard 5.2% and margarine 5.2%. Among the chemical characteristics highlighted protein 13.8%, lipid 10.21%, caloric density 175 Kcal/100g and colesterol 46mg/100g. Shelf life study during a period of time of 6 weeks at 5ºC expressed as mesophyl aerobic count (MAC) and peroxide index were 1.6E+0.4 ufc/g and 8.44 meq O2/Kg respectively, both characteristics lower than the maximum limits allowed for chilean regulations. Concerning to the acceptability of the optimized product the hedonic test showed 91% approval and also 87% of consumers would be well disposed to buy this product.


Subject(s)
Animals , Fish Products , Food Preservation , Food Handling/methods , Oncorhynchus mykiss , Taste , Nutritive Value
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